Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens. There are several types, each with specific roles: 1. **IgA (Immunoglobulin A)**: Found mainly in mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and in secretions like saliva and tears. IgA helps protect mucosal surfaces by preventing pathogens from adhering and penetrating epithelial cells. 2. **IgG (Immunoglobulin G)**: The most abundant antibody in the blood, constituting about 75% of total immunoglobulins. IgG provides long-term protection by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens and toxins, and it plays a crucial role in fighting bacterial and viral infections. 3. **IgM (Immunoglobulin M)**: The first antibody produced in response to an infection. It is mainly found in the blood and lymphatic fluid and is effective in forming complexes with pathogens, initiating their removal. These antibodies are critical for a well-functioning immune system and are measured to diagnose and monitor various immune-related conditions.
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