**C3 (Complement Component 3)** is a critical protein in the complement system, an integral part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It plays a central role in both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement activation cascade. **Key Points:** - **Function:** C3 is involved in the opsonization of pathogens, promoting phagocytosis, and the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can directly lyse target cells. Activation of C3 leads to its cleavage into C3a and C3b, each with distinct immune functions. - **Clinical Relevance:** Measuring C3 levels in the blood can help diagnose and monitor various immune and inflammatory conditions. Low levels of C3 can be indicative of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic infections, or hereditary complement deficiencies. Elevated levels may occur in acute inflammatory conditions. - **Diagnostic Use:** The C3 test is often used alongside other complement tests (e.g., C4) to evaluate the complement system's functionality and diagnose complement-related disorders. Monitoring C3 levels aids in understanding immune responses and managing conditions related to immune system dysfunction.

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