**LH (Luteinizing Hormone), FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), PRL (Prolactin),** and **Testosterone** are hormones involved in reproductive health and function. **1. LH (Luteinizing Hormone):** - **Definition:** LH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. It plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. - **Clinical Use:** Abnormal levels can help diagnose reproductive disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females or hypogonadism in males. **2. FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone):** - **Definition:** FSH is also produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is essential for the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. - **Clinical Use:** Abnormal FSH levels can indicate ovarian failure, testicular dysfunction, or pituitary disorders affecting reproductive health. **3. PRL (Prolactin):** - **Definition:** PRL is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates breast milk production in females. It also influences reproductive health. - **Clinical Use:** Elevated PRL levels can suggest prolactinoma, hypothyroidism, or other reproductive issues. Low levels can be associated with pituitary dysfunction. **4. Testosterone:** - **Definition:** Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced mainly in the testes in males and the ovaries and adrenal glands in females. It is crucial for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. - **Clinical Use:** Abnormal testosterone levels can indicate conditions such as hypogonadism, androgen disorders, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In males, low levels may affect libido, muscle mass, and bone density, while high levels can be associated with conditions like testosterone-producing tumors. Together, these hormone levels are used to assess and manage various aspects of reproductive health and diagnose endocrine disorders.

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