An **ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) test by blot assay** is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood. Here's what it measures: 1. **Antinuclear Antibodies**: The test detects antibodies that target substances within the nucleus of cells. These antibodies can be associated with autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. 2. **Autoimmune Diseases**: A positive ANA test can indicate the presence of autoimmune disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or Sjögren's syndrome. It helps in diagnosing and evaluating these conditions. 3. **Blot Assay Method**: The blot assay (like Western blot) separates proteins and detects specific antibodies bound to these proteins. This method provides a detailed profile of the types of nuclear antigens targeted by the antibodies, which can help in diagnosing specific autoimmune diseases. 4. **Disease Monitoring**: Helps monitor disease activity and response to treatment in patients with known autoimmune disorders. In summary, the ANA test by blot assay measures the presence and type of antinuclear antibodies to diagnose and manage autoimmune diseases.
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